The Vampire Diaries Dark Reunion Chapter Five Free Essays

string(72) few moments to discover Matt in auto tech and Meredith in financial aspects class. Monday, June 8, 11:15 p.m. Dear Diary, I don’t appear to be resting very well today, so I should keep in touch with you. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Vampire Diaries: Dark Reunion Chapter Five or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now Throughout the day today I’ve been trusting that something will occur. You don’t do a spell that way and have it work that way and afterward have nothing occur. In any case, nothing has. I remained at home from school since Mom figured I should. She was disturbed about Matt and Meredith remaining so late Sunday night, and she said I expected to get some rest. Yet, every time I rests I see Sue’s face. Sue’s father did the commendation at Elena’s memorial service. I wonder who’s going to do it for Sue on Wednesday? I’ve got the chance to quit pondering things like this. Possibly I’ll attempt to rest once more. Perhaps on the off chance that I rests with my earphones on, I won’t see Sue. Bonnie set the journal back in her end table cabinet and took out her Walkman. She flipped through the channels as she gazed at the roof with substantial eyes. Through the pop and falter of static a D.J.’s voice sounded in her ear. â€Å"And here’s a blast from the past for all you remarkable fifties fans. ‘Goodnight Sweetheart’ on the Vee Jay name by The Spaniels†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Bonnie floated away on the music. The frozen yogurt soft drink was strawberry, Bonnie’s top pick. The jukebox was playing ‘Goodnight Sweetheart’ and the counter was clean as a whistle. In any case, Elena, Bonnie chose, could never have truly worn a poodle skirt. â€Å"No poodles,† she stated, motioning at it. Elena turned upward from her hot fudge parfait. Her fair hair was pulled in a pig tail. â€Å"Who thinks about these things anyway?† Bonnie inquired. â€Å"You do, senseless. I’m just visiting.† â€Å"Oh.† Bonnie took a swig at the pop. Dreams. There was motivation to fear dreams, however she couldn’t consider it a little while ago. â€Å"I can’t stay long,† Elena said. â€Å"I think he definitely knows I’m here. I just came to tell you†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She glared. Bonnie took a gander at her thoughtfully. â€Å"Can’t you recollect either?† She drank more pop. It tasted odd. â€Å"I kicked the bucket excessively youthful, Bonnie. There was so much I should do, to achieve. What's more, presently I need to help you.† â€Å"This isn’t simple, you know. I don’t have that much force. It’s hard traversing, and it’s hard keeping everything together.† â€Å"Gotta keep it together,† Bonnie concurred, gesturing. She was feeling unusually dizzy. What was in this pop? â€Å"I don’t have a lot of control, and things turn out peculiar in some way or another. He’s doing it, I presume. He’s continually battling me. He watches you. What's more, every time we attempt to impart, he comes.† â€Å"Okay.† The room was gliding. â€Å"Bonnie, would you say you are tuning in to me? He can utilize your dread against you. It’s the manner in which he gets in.† â€Å"Okay†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"But don’t let him in. Tell everybody that. Also, tell Stefan†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Elena halted and put a hand to her mouth. Something fell onto the hot fudge parfait. It was a tooth. â€Å"He’s here.† Elena’s voice was bizarre, vague. Bonnie gazed at the tooth in entranced repulsiveness. It was lying in the whipped cream, among the fragmented almonds. â€Å"Bonnie, tell Stefan†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Another tooth plunked down, and another. Elena wailed, both her hands at her mouth now. Her eyes were startled, defenseless. â€Å"Bonnie, don’t go†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In any case, Bonnie was staggering back. Everything was spinning near. The soft drink was rising out of the glass, yet it wasn’t pop; it was blood. Brilliant red and foamy, such as something you hacked up when you passed on. Bonnie’s stomach shook. â€Å"Tell Stefan I love him!† It was the voice of a toothless elderly person, and it finished in insane cries. Bonnie was happy to fall into obscurity and overlook everything. Bonnie snacked toward the finish of her felt pen, her eyes on the clock, her psyche on the schedule. Eight and a half more long stretches of school to endure. What's more, it looked as though consistently would have been wretchedness. Some person had said it out and out, moving in an opposite direction from her on the steps. â€Å"No offense, yet your companions keep transforming up dead.† Bonnie had gone into the washroom and cried. In any case, presently all she needed was to be out of school, away from the unfortunate faces and charging eyes-or more terrible, the feeling sorry for eyes. The chief had given a discourse over the P.A. about â€Å"this new misfortune† and â€Å"this awful loss,† and Bonnie had felt the eyes on her back as though they were drilling gaps there. At the point when the chime rang, she was the principal individual out the entryway. Be that as it may, rather than heading off to her next class she went to the restroom once more, where she sat tight for the following chime. At that point, when the corridors were vacant, she rushed toward the unknown dialect wing. She passed releases and standards for year's end occasions without looking at them. What did SATs make a difference, what did graduation make a difference, what did anything make a difference any longer? They may all be dead before the month's over. Gracious, my God, I overlooked how exquisite he is, she thought. Elena, excuse me; I’m going to snatch him. â€Å"Stefan!† she said. At that point her brain torqued her go into reality again and she cast a pursued glance around. Nobody was in eyeshot. She got his arm. â€Å"Are you insane, appearing here? Are you nuts?† â€Å"I needed to discover you. I thought it was urgent.† â€Å"It is, however † He looked so disjointed, remaining there in the secondary school foyer. So intriguing. Like a zebra in a group of sheep. She began pushing him toward a brush storeroom. He wasn’t going. What's more, he was more grounded than she was. â€Å"Bonnie, you said you’d conversed with â€Å" â€Å"You need to cover up! I’ll go get Matt and Meredith and bring them back here and afterward we can talk. Be that as it may, on the off chance that anyone sees you, you’re most likely going to get lynched. There’s been another murder.† Stefan’s face changed, and he let her push him toward the wardrobe. He began to state something, at that point obviously chose not to. â€Å"I’ll wait,† he said basically. It took just a couple of moments to discover Matt in auto tech and Meredith in financial aspects class. You read The Vampire Diaries: Dark Reunion Chapter Five in classification Article models They rushed back to the brush storeroom and clamored Stefan out of school as unnoticeably as could be expected under the circumstances, which wasn’t very. Someone’s bound to have seen us, Bonnie idea. Everything relies upon who, and the amount of a jabber they are. â€Å"We need to get him somewhere safe-not to any of our houses,† Meredith was stating. They were all strolling as quick as possible through the secondary school parking garage. â€Å"Fine, however where? Hold up a moment, shouldn't something be said about the boarding house†¦ ?† Bonnie’s voice trailed off. There was a little dark vehicle in the leaving opening before her. An Italian vehicle, smooth, smooth, and hot looking. All the windows were colored illicitly dull; you couldn’t even observe inside. At that point Bonnie made out the steed image on the back. â€Å"Oh, my God† Three arrangements of eyes went to him in stun. â€Å"Damon’s?† Bonnie stated, hearing the squeak in her own voice. She trusted Stefan implied Damon had recently lent it to him. Be that as it may, the vehicle window was moving down to uncover dark hair as smooth and liquidy as the car’s paint work, reflected glasses, and an extremely white grin. â€Å"Buon giorno,† said Damon easily. â€Å"Anybody need a ride?† â€Å"Oh, my God,† Bonnie said once more, faintly. Yet, she didn’t step back. Stefan was noticeably anxious. â€Å"We’ll head for the motel. You follow. Park behind the horse shelter so no one sees your car.† Meredith needed to lead Bonnie away from the Ferrari. It wasn’t that Bonnie loved Damon or that she was ever going to let him kiss her again as he hosted at Alaric’s get-together. She realized he was perilous; not as awful as Katherine had been, possibly, yet terrible. He’d slaughtered wantonly, only for entertainment only. He’d murdered Mr. Leather expert, the history instructor, at the Haunted House finance raiser last Halloween. He may kill again whenever. Perhaps that was the reason Bonnie felt like a mouse gazing at a sparkling dark snake when she took a gander at him. In the security of Meredith’s vehicle Bonnie and Meredith traded looks. â€Å"Stefan shouldn’t have brought him,† said Meredith. â€Å"Maybe he just came,† Bonnie advertised. She didn’t think Damon was the kind of individual who got brought anyplace. â€Å"Why would it be a good idea for him to? Not to support us, that’s for sure.† Matt said nothing. He didn’t even appear to see the pressure in the vehicle. He just gazed through the windshield, lost in himself. The sky was blurring up. â€Å"Matt?† â€Å"Just disregard it, Bonnie,† said Meredith. Magnificent, thought Bonnie, sorrow settling like a dim cover over her. Matt and Stefan and Damon, all together, all pondering Elena. They left behind the old outbuilding, close to the low dark vehicle. At the point when they headed inside, Stefan was remaining solitary. He turned and Bonnie saw that he’d removed his shades. The faintest chill experienced her, simply the lightest prickling of the hairs on her arms and neck. Stefan wasn’t like some other person she’d ever met. His eyes were so green; green as oak leaves in the spring. In any case, quite recently they had shadows underneath. There was a snapshot of ponderousness; them three remaining on one side and taking a gander at Stefan without a word. Nobody appeared to know

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Outsourcing For The Contemporary Busin

Question: Plate about the Advantages And Disadvantages Of Outsourcing For The Contemporary Business Organizations. Answer: Presentation In the current business situation, contemporary business associations need to think about different viewpoints in contending in the seriously serious market. With the section of increasingly more business associations in the market, the cost is turning into an additionally deciding component for increasing upper hands for the business associations (Wagner III and Hollenbeck 2014). These associations are attempting to offer their items and administrations in progressively serious costs. With having more choices in the market for the clients, the cost flexibility of the items or administration is indicating expanding pattern. Along these lines, contemporary business associations are attempting to start different procedures and approaches to lessen their expense of creation so as to give more practical contributions to the clients. One of the key techniques for the contemporary business association to lessen their expense of creation is re-appropriating (Schniederjans, Schniederjans and Schniederjans 2015). In the ongoing occasions, an ever increasing number of associations are settling on redistribute their halfway business exercises to any outsider merchants. As per the idea of re-appropriating, business associations delegate their business exercises to any ability associations which for the sake of the previous achieve the doled out activity. The key preferred position in this idea is the cost adequacy (Vaxevanou and Konstantopoulos 2015). This is because of the way that, the sellers whom the undertaking is being re-appropriated are by and large has a place from any creating nations or have their operational offices in the creating nations. Setting up the operational offices in the creating nations helps in having the entrance to huge number of gifted workers in lower cost. This report will examine about the points of interest and impediments of re-appropriating for the contemporary business associations. Basic investigation will be directed so as to decide the adequacy of the idea of redistributing for the business associations. Basic examination of this idea will assist with distinguishing the favorable circumstances and inconveniences of redistributing. In like manner, proposals will be given in this report which will help the business associations in having viable techniques for re-appropriating. Basic investigation of redistributing There are different looks into have been done so as to decide the adequacy of the idea of redistributing. Scientists have recognized the benefits and bad marks of re-appropriating alongside the difficulties that must be looked by the associations in re-appropriating their business exercises. In any case, Oshri, Kotlarsky and Willcocks (2015) expressed the most clear and exact meaning of the idea of re-appropriating. As indicated by them, in the current business situation, dominant part of the associations are working in the worldwide market and in this manner they need to keep up and consider different angles so as to successfully drive their activities. It gets hard for them to keep up all the perspectives at a solitary time. As per Oshri, Kotlarsky and Willcocks (2015), this factor prompts the commencement for the redistributing of their exercises. This causes them in lessening their obligations and weight which encourages them in assigning additional time and assets on the current exercises alongside their key corporate issues. Oshri, Kotlarsky and Willcocks (2015) likewise expressed that, another affecting element for the re-appropriating of their exercises is the main impetus for having financially savvy creation process. As indicated by the creators, the third educated merchants who are having skill in achieving the specific errand can play out the undertaking in much practical manner then the parent association. In this way, enormous multinationals uniquely from the created nations are deciding on redistributing of their incomplete business exercises which are helping them offering their items or administrations in progressively serious costs. Analysts, for example, Sparrow (2012), further grouped the utility and elective employments of redistributing techniques by the business associations. As per him, redistributing isn't just constrained to the designation of the center business exercises or the assembling procedure yet in addition the front office and client dealing with process. As indicated by Sparrow (2012), the development pattern for the worldwide redistributing situation is progressively thought to the designation of the data advances to the outsider merchants. Dominant part of the business associations have redistributed their client support exercises. This is helping them in furnishing progressively successful client support with causing less expense. In this manner, Sparrow (2012) uncovered that the redistributing of data advances is having the most noteworthy development rate in the worldwide market in the current situation. As per Chang and Gurbaxani (2012), the redistributing of the data advances isn't just profiting in conveying powerful client care, yet in addition helping them in increasing upper hands in the market. This is because of the explanation that, redistributing of data innovations is empowering the associations in having the mastery in the client care. Therefore, giving successful client care is turning out to be simpler which causes them in increasing more altruism from the market. Chang and Gurbaxani (2012) likewise expressed that giving viable client support helps in producing positive verbal exchange among the clients which further helps the association in working in the market all the more adequately. Consequently, the upper hands for the associations are going to increment due of the commencement of redistributing of the data innovation. Be that as it may, creators, for example, Orberg Jensen and Petersen (2012) have additionally illuminated the re-appropriating of the assembling exercises. As per them, different associations are likewise re-appropriating their assembling exercises to the outsider sellers so as to increase upper hands. As indicated by Orberg Jensen and Petersen (2012), this is because of the explanation that, redistributing of the assembling exercises will help the associations in having their assembling exercises accomplished all the more successfully by the aptitude outsider merchant. In addition, because of the redistributing of the assembling exercises, the parent association can focus more on the after deals benefits alongside the deals and showcasing perspectives. In this manner, all the exercises of the association ca performed viably. Orberg Jensen and Petersen (2012) likewise expressed that, redistributing of the assembling exercises will likewise help in decrease of the cost in question and hazard associated with the procedure. This is because of the explanation that, dominant part of the re-appropriated producing offices is being situated in the creating nations particularly in China and India. These nations are having tremendous flexibly of gifted representatives and the expense of the workers is lower than that of in the created nations. In this way, the occupations are being done in increasingly successful way with a lower cost. The dangers associated with the creation procedure likewise get diminished for the parent association because of the explanation that the parent association won't need to assume the liability of any part of the creation procedure. It will be taken care of by the outsider merchants. Different creators have focused on a significant part of the redistributing that most of the re-appropriated work are being assigned to the creating nations. Therefore, it is essential to decide the reasons or drivers for which the redistributing business is flourishing in the creating countries. As per Kite (2012), nations, for example, India and China are the most gainful nations from the commencement of the idea of redistributing. As indicated by him, this is because of the explanation that India and China are the two most crowded nations on the planet. Along these lines, gracefully of representatives won't be an issue their also the workers rate is a lot less expensive than that of in the created nations because of the oversupply of workers. Moreover, the representatives in these nations are sufficiently gifted and are agreeable in communicating in English. Consequently, these affecting variables alongside quick improvement in the household framework are driving the development p ace of redistributed employments in these nations. Along these lines, associations redistributing their exercises in these nations are having the entrance of profoundly talented HR at a less expensive cost. This prompts the way that the associations from over the world are picking up practical assistance by redistributing their exercises. In any case, it is additionally obvious that however re-appropriating is demonstrating advantageous for different associations in the present business situation, it has a few impediments also. Different creators have evaluated the negative marks of redistributing for the business associations. As indicated by Caruth, Haden and Caruth (2013), dealing with the HR on account of re-appropriating may present test for the parent association. In spite of the fact that the parent association don't have the duties in dealing with the HR all the while, in any case, the exercises of the HR in the re-appropriated association will have the immediate effect on the exhibition of the parent association. As per Caruth, Haden and Caruth (2013), this is because of the explanation that, on account of redistributing of the client assistance, the client dealing with is being finished by the outsider merchants. Be that as it may, the clients are not having the possibility of the re-appropriating and subseq uently they will have the discernment about the association by the degree of the viability of the client care. In any case, agreeing Caruth, Haden and Caruth (2013), this can be a test for the associations in dealing with the human asset in the outsider sellers. The workers in the re-appropriated and re-appropriating association

Sporting Events

Sporting Events One amazing thing about the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign is that there is never a lack of something to do. On my weekends, I enjoy going to  home football games. You may have heard that Lovie Smith is the new coach, which draws in a full stadium for game day. The games are filled with students, parents, and supporting fans, all reppin’ their orange and blue. An exciting thing about the football games actually happens before they start: tailgating. At the tailgates, Illini football fans gather in the field and have pre-game celebration. There are tailgates hosted by specific groups, tailgates hosted by families, and groups of friends. Nothing is better than music blasting at a tasty cookout with a fresh, cold snow cone from one of the food trucks. Another aspect that I particularly enjoy is the student section. The student section is always filled with exuberance and passion. They have choreographed chants to build the spirits of our team. Just standing with everyone makes you feel like you are really a part of something big. Students usually get a discount for tickets to attend the game. There is also an athlete section just beneath the student section (where I usually stay). Student athletes get into the games for free, but their section is not very big. Via Giphy This weekend the Illini are playing against Purdue. I dont know much about football, but I will definitely be there to support, cheering loud and proud! Chisom Class of 2020 I'm a Kinesiology major in the College of Applied Health Sciences. I'm a first-generation American; my twin and I were born in Oak Park, Illinois. The rest of my siblings were born in Nigeria. I'm a pole vaulter and sprinter on the Illini track team.

Personal Essay My Career Essay - 1753 Words

Your Career in Psychology Introduction For the last 10 weeks, practitioner-scholars, including myself, I have embarked on a journey to clarify and relate our passions and interests to psychological practices and skills. As stated in previous assignments, my passion, for counseling, stems from living in a community where seeking counseling was not looked upon positively. The motto was, â€Å"keep your personal conflict between yourself and family.† In many cases, family members inadvertently gave bias and incorrect advice. The result lead to the individual feeling lost and more conflicted. I noticed this and became curious about how a professional counselor would respond. In addition, I became intrigued with the thinking, listening, and responding process of a counselor. I also felt that they achieve a lot with helping others and could achieve a lot more if people would be more open to speaking to them. Now that I have given background information, I will examine my interest, visions, and goals and how they impact my professional and academic journey in the psychological field. Vision and Goals With that being said, I believe that adults should feel comfortable talking to a counselor when they have issues. One of my goals is to become that person that individuals feel safe with speaking with. I want to use my sharpened skills and newly found abilities, from Capella University, to deliver quality services to adults with moderate mental health illnesses. I plan toShow MoreRelatedPersonal Essay : My Career1982 Words   |  8 PagesMy Career in Psychology Introduction My Bachelor’s degree led me to an interesting place in my life in which I found myself sitting at a table with a vibrant and intelligent woman as she spilled her soul to me crying that she just did not know what to do. In that moment I felt the time freeze as I looked around and discovered that I was the person who she was looking to for answers. I was the person who was supposed to help her. I was a recent undergrad graduate with a major in Criminal JusticeRead MorePersonal Essay : My Career Choice1029 Words   |  5 PagesMy Career Choice I have chosen to explain how I made one of the best decisions in my life: the one to become a nurse. There are many options for a wonderful career path, but none that I feel could compare to nursing. As a child, I always wanted to be a veterinarian. When I became a teenager, I thought my purpose was to be a paramedic. Sometimes in life, we have situations that change us completely. With that being said, I plan to tell you how it all happened. VETERINARIAN Every little girl has aRead MoreEssay about My Personal Strengths and Weaknesses for a Career725 Words   |  3 Pageswhen looking for a new job or career that you know what skills and qualities you have. Knowing what you can or cannot do will alter what employers and positions there are for you. Throughout my higher education at Full Sail University, I have been able to overcome weaknesses that I have and raised other strengths beyond what I thought I could. Matching what you are good at and not so good at can help shape what your life path will be. Looking deeper into my personal capabilities, I have discoveredRead MoreHow Personal Responsibility Will Lead to My Success Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesHow Personal Responsibility Will Lead to My Success Personal responsibility means to me holding yourself accountable for not only the successes in your life but also your downfalls. If a person can do this they will not only be successful in their education but in their careers and life in general. Even though some people who lack personal responsibility do just fine in life, personal responsibility will lead to my success in and beyond school because it gives me the confidence to succeed,Read MorePersonal Essay Learning Style623 Words   |  3 Pageshead: PERSONAL ESSAY Personal Essay of Marie Moore Marie Moore COLL100 B020 American Public University PERSONAL ESSAY Personal Essay of Marie Moore The following is a personal essay about various topics about my college education and my learning styles. This personal essay will include thoughts or reasons for seeking a college degree. As well as my own personal learning styles, which are based upon inventories that have been taken. This personal essayRead MoreApplying An Undergraduate Degree At A Respected University1484 Words   |  6 Pagesof law and ensure justice. In order to achieve my goal, I must complete an undergraduate degree at a respected university, complete the Law School Admission Test with successful results, attend an established law school, and complete the Barrister and Solicitation exams. The core tasks of a lawyer include advising a client on their rights and representation in the court, constructing legal documents, and specializing in different types of laws (Career Cruising, 2016). Practicing law in Canada is aRead MorePersonal Essay : My Main Priority1563 Words   |  7 PagesMy main priority was t o revise assignment three, the personal essay since it was more valuable than the other two major assignments I have written throughout the quarter. In this essay, I found a lot of defects that directed to the confusion to the reader to understand the truths of my life. In this essay, there were a lot of different techniques I learned such as changing a personal truth to a story in a piece of writing. 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What writing meant to me was to confide in myself and write everything that was in my head onto paper. As much as I loved writing, I also despised it. I learned that journaling was completely different from academic writing and somehow, I found academicRead MoreMba Essay Questions753 Words   |  4 PagesAdmissions Essay Questions (Graduate): Please thoroughly answer the questions below in an essay with a minimum of 500 words. The admissions committee is looking for the following things: 2-3 paragraphs per question; examples to illustrate your points; correct grammar, punctuation, and sentence st ructure. The admissions committee looks at these essay questions carefully when considering your application to our programs. If you have any questions about these questions or the application process, please

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Analysis Paper Hills Like White Elephants Free Essays

Victor Aguirre ENGL 1102 (T/R 9:30a. m. ) February 1, 2013 Short Story Analysis Paper Topic: Hills like White Elephants Meaningful Hills Hills are seen as just abstract objects in a distance, some may be seen as beautiful and they are hard to get around when you don’t have the best way to overcome them. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis Paper Hills Like White Elephants or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the short story an American man and a girl named Jig are sitting in a rail station waiting for the train to Madrid. While they are waiting, they have an intense, ongoing discussion over whether or not Jig will get an abortion. The hills are viewed as a symbol of how big obstacles can set minor setback in life, but you have to find a way around to move on. In the story, Jig looked at the hills and said, â€Å"They look like white elephants. † To Jig the case was very rare to encounter such animal. The hills on the other hand represent big obstacles that we must climb, but they are not enormous mountains. This represents the fact that the girl’s baby is a key obstacle in her life, but it is not the end of her life and she will make it through. The only problem is that the American is trying to convince her to go thru with the operation, thus causing certain conflict between the couple. Even though Jig knows she will be ok if she allows the baby to live, the Americans negativity affects her mood and thoughts on their relationship. Hills are also perspectives to look out from, but also block the view for those who reside in the valley. This represents how in the story Jig looks at the hills and sees opportunity, yet at the same time the American looks at the hills and sees nothing, his vision of a positive and happy future is congested by the enormous obstacle of the child. The happiness that the baby will transfer to the couple would make everything feel perfectly fine to Jig. The fact that the American sees this as a negative effect on their lives really hurts Jig. Nevertheless she wants to make things work with him, and she will try to until their journey comes to a stop. Like the wilderness the hills are stunning, natural and completely stationery. In other words, they have always been in the same place, and they will always be that way, that’s just the way it is. This shows how settling down would be a necessity with a baby. It also shows that being pregnant is no small thing. A baby is a huge responsibility and is not something you take very lightly. Regardless of the girl’s decision, it is not something that the girl will ever be able forget about. A baby is a life form which can’t be brought back to life once it’s gone and neither can you get rid of it, just because you don’t want it. All the traveling is getting to her and she wants to stay still for some time and have a family. In which she can enjoy spending time with and live a happy life with. In the story there was a part when Jig looks at the scenery and says, â€Å"And we could have all this. † (Pg. 175) Referring to on a deeper level, hills represent a test, new life, and opportunity. While Jig sits down and looks at the hills, seeing a chance and is considering the possibility of new life, a newborn child in her life. The opportunity of settling down and getting to a new stage in her life where she can feel proud of herself and take care of one of her own. Nothing is easy in life, and for Jig to accept the responsibility of the operation could be a pricey choice in the long run. Throughout the short story many examples where shown of how the hills resemble the view point of Jig and the American. The American is eagerly trying to convince Jig to pursue the possibility of going through with the surgery. While only thinking about his happiness and not whether Jig feels ok with it. The American tries to make his words sound mellow and convincing but Jig sees past them and realizes that the right choice is within her. Regardless of what the American wants, she is the only one who has to endure the real pain of the situation, nevertheless her surroundings let her visualize how they could help her with her decision. Therefore the hills help her realize how many things in life are just obstacles but can be easily overcome with by finding a resolution that will benefit everyone. Works Citied Page Hemingway, Ernest. Hills Like White Elephants. Rpt. In Literature: Approaches to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. 2nd ed. Ed. Robert DiYanni. New York: McGraw Hill, 2008. 400-403. Print How to cite Analysis Paper Hills Like White Elephants, Papers

Martin Luther Sacramental Practices

Theology has transcended ages since the beginning of the 16th century. As a matter of fact, Theologians such as Martin Luther came out as strong believers who would preach with inspiration and self conviction. The conviction was based on the ‘unjust’ doctrine of the Catholic Church at that time and the then limited bible.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Martin Luther: Sacramental Practices specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a catholic priest, Martin Luther became a respected minister among the conservatives and the deity who had control of political direction of the state and social views on supernatural. However, this was to change in the dawn of the 16th century with the emergence of a fresh approach adopted by Martin Luther. Thus, this reflective treatise attempts to explicitly identify the roles of Martin Luther, his ideologies, development, and practices in the Catholic Church Sacramen ts in his life time. Besides, the paper discusses the results of the 16th century Protestant Reformation facilitated by Martin Luther who is believed to have been the catalyst of the same. Moreover, the paper concentrates on roles of Martin Luther especially in the act of offering Catholic Church Sacraments. Martin Luther is described as a great pillar of the protestant transformation faith. In order to understand his character, it is important to reflect on his active participation in the Catholic Church as a priest who was empowered by the church leadership to lead a congregation in sacrament practices. Reflectively, it is critical to review his stand on faith, salvation, grace, and good works following the release of his famous 95 theses. In his view, Martin Luther defines faith as a substance of full reliance on only God and that man is but a subject in the salvation ladder. Man is therefore is a custodian of salvation and not necessary the owner of the same. According to Marius (1999): In Reformed Theology, the Lord’s Supper and Baptism are sacraments, which are external signs by which God seals the promise of goodwill toward people in order to sustain the weakness of faith inherent in humans, and which operate as testimony of the piety of believers toward God. (Marius 89) Therefore, man must internalize the self conviction faith, that is, only God has the sole power to save him from every form of sin.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Martin Luther believed that sin imprisoned mankind and made him unable to really redeem himself from the yoke of trespasses. This was the basis for his rejection of the sacrament of confession, sale of indulgence, pilgrimage, elaborate Catholic mass ritual, and prayer to saints. Interestingly, this belief was a direct opposite of his upbringing noting that he was brought up as a staunch Catholic by his Catholic parents. Therefore, Luther was always in a constant conflict with the leadership of the Roman Catholic Church doctrines which suggested the opposite, that is, man can redeem himself from sin through confession to a priest who had the capacity to intercede for forgiveness of sins. In the thought of Luther, this was wrong and misleading to the population practicing Christianity which he described as a personal and internalized relationship with Christ as the only true savior. As a result, Martin Luther opined that man has not control over his destiny but is rather a subject and a custodian of faith. Actually, the notion of faith kept this liberal priest from despairing against the reality at that time. Martin Luther remains to be the most inspirational figure in the quest for reformation of the church which commenced in the 16th century. His religious steadfastness inspired many people who found solace in the alternative approach towards serving the supernatural being. In mos t of his preaching messages, Luther was steadfast in opposing ‘good works’ and reminded his congregation of then aspect of faith as an accompaniment of salivation. Without faith, Luther contended that salvation is meaningless and but just a tool for satisfying greediness of mankind in his quest to elevate himself in a state of being an object of worship. Martin Luther has always been a controversial figure as viewed by the many modern denominational Christians. He is accredited for having castigated a systematic fragmentation of the Christendom which further exacerbated it to splintering into series of denominations that have spread across the globe. Through expunging the bureaucratic and corrupt church system of his time, Martin Luther succeeded in inspiring the church to turn back to biblical root by his preaching on only two sacraments, that is, Lord’s Supper and baptism which are symbolically represented in the Old Testament by Passover and Circumcision. In e xercising sacrament practices, Martin Luther introduced then aspect of reformed theology. According to Tracy (1999):Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Martin Luther: Sacramental Practices specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reformed theology refers to the exclusive use of scripture to support theological positions. As a result, the New Testament contains passages that support the general position of Reformed Theology that the Lord’s Supper and baptism are derived from Passover and circumcision. In addition, the New Testament indicates that the Lord’s Supper and baptism are imbued with additional meanings and implications that are not present or considered in the Old Testament, which are indicative of the covenant relationship that the faithful form with Christ. (Tracy 137) The most significant materials that aided the process of transformation into the two sacraments as supported by Luther were his famous Ninety-Five Theses collection which disseminated clear and well researched messages to the congregation. However, â€Å"his message of salvation through the unmerited grace of God was not readily accepted by the Roman Catholic Church, in part because it undermined the authority they exercised through the priests and the administration of the sacraments† (Marius 98). Luther distanced himself from the Roman Catholic’s practice of confirmation as part of the Christian sacrament. However, he had no problem with the same especially when practiced as a rite. In one of his well presented sermons, Marin Luther was categorical on the periphery of this practice by asserting that â€Å"†¦if every pastor examines the faith of the children †¦lays hands on them, and confirms them† (Luther 9). Therefore, Luther’s article on Small Catechism which was basically meant for children was actually in support of confirmation as a right and it prepared pare nts to embrace the same on their children. Specifically, Martin Luther was among the first person to approve in full the 1540 Brandenburg Church Order which was written by Bugenhagen Johannes which dwelled on confirmation and church governance by Episcopal (Wright 67). Besides, Luther showed a great recognition for the Melanchthon’s 1545 Wittenberg order for the church. Interestingly, this order supported the doctrine of empowering pastors and priests to lay hand on children and confirm them as a rite of passage in the church (Marius 45). Generally, Luther attempted to present a very specific and neutral treatment of this issue in his paper, The Babylonian Captivity of the Church:Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More I wonder what could have possessed them to make a sacrament of confirmation out of the laying on of hands, (Mark 16:18; Acts 6:6, Acts 8:17, Acts 19:6) which Christ employed when He blessed young children, (Mark 10:16) and the apostles when they imparted the Holy Spirit, ordained elders and cured the sick, as the Apostle writes to Timothy, â€Å"Lay hands suddenly on no man.† (1Timothy 5:22) Why have they not also turned the sacrament of the bread into confirmation? I do not say this because I condemn the seven sacraments, but because I deny that they can be proved from the Scriptures. (Luther 13) Thus, Martin Luther concluded that the practice lacked divine aspect and connection but was merely a church doctrine which is void of faith sacrament because the practice could not save a soul from the prison and dungeon of sin that had gripped mankind. According to Luther, a divine sacrament must contain the aspect of promised salvation through faith and believe in the sole power o f redemption from God and not mankind who are mere custodians of salvation. Different from the divine sacrament, Luther opined that the one practiced by the Roman Catholics at that time contained elements or circumstances leading a person to anticipate a feeling of exceeding psychological and physical demands on ability to comfortably cope up with pure salvation. Besides, it offered unrealistic consolation in the face of sin as mankind was convinced by the leadership of the church to believe in salvation from mankind. He concluded that: Confirmation and Extreme Unction are rites received from the Fathers which not even the Church requires as necessary to salvation, because they do not have God’s command. Therefore it is not useless to distinguish these rites from the former, which have God’s express command and a clear promise of grace. (Luther 16) Though faith is meaningless without guidance from fellow human beings, balance between doctrinal rites and divinity is nec essary. As a remedy, Martin Luther proposed that his congregation should rather concentrate on the sacrament of baptism and celebration of the last supper since these two had biblical roots in them. However, practicing other sacraments such as the confirmation would serve the purpose of bonding mankind especially when the same was given the approach of a church rite. As a result of this clarification and relation to the bible, Martin Luther was able to influence the lives of many European Christians to undergo radical changes in belief patterns on the aspect of faith in salvation and divine control in order to make a sacrament valid. He opines that â€Å"lying on of hands as there was in apostolic times, whether we called it confirmation or healing! Hence it is sufficient to regard confirmation as a certain churchly rite or sacramental ceremony, similar to other ceremonies, such as the blessing of holy water and the like† (Luther 06). Following these revelations, European Chr istians experienced systematic changes in the political, personal, social, and cultural systems which were controlled by theological realms before. Specifically, musical composition for worship became diverse as people integrated diversity in worship. Besides, financial accountability was more profound as the leadership of the church was held accountable for every penny spent unlike the free style model adopted by the Roman Catholic. Generally, these transformations were accompanied by liturgical language as translations were made available to the congregation in addition to the ‘singing church’ concept as opposed to conservative worship (Marius 78). Since the transformation empowered transformation followers to read bible translation in their own languages, the influence and power of the catholic priests at that time dwindled considerably as the lay Christians could get first hand understanding of the scriptures as opposed to non objective or biased interpretation by t he Roman Catholic priests. In addition, the aspect of divine sacrament empowered these Christians to independently study the bible in native languages, pray and repent directly to God without unnecessary intermediary medium, and give alms based on personal conviction (Kolb 56). In retrospect, Luther’s intention was to let the clergy to perform the priestly role of sacrament administering. â€Å"While Protestants argued for this priesthood being scriptural and providing for individuals to personally have a relationship with God, the result was not a rise in Biblical literacy among the lay population, despite Luther’s support for education of the youth† (Kolb 60). However, the general control and dominance displayed the priests on the congregation dwindled as more people rejected the priesthood doctrine which was viewed as imposing confraternities, charities, and monastic orders. Through initiation of active reforms in the church, Luther’s intention was spe cific and long term. By proposing transformations such as presence of a reparation altar, priesthood, and canon embedment of church sacraments, Luther wanted to maintain the status quo by supporting the aspect of delegating the duty of sacrament practices solely on the priests or pastors. Among other practices Luther advocated besides the sacrament model was the communion and the presence of the image of Jesus Christ physically attached to the altar where sacraments were offered (Wright 23). Luther’s endeavors on transformations paid off with conception of the autonomous Western Europe absent from the Roman Catholicism cord of the seven reparations. As asserted by Kolb (1999): the division of Christianity in Western Europe can in part be traced to the loss of the hierarchy of the Catholic Church, which, with a pope to serve as God’s representative on earth, the vicar of Christ, had acted with the College of Cardinals to keep Christianity, at least in Western Europe, do ctrinally unified under a particular institution. (Kolb 42) Reflectively, as more people embraced Martin Luther’s ideology, Roman Catholic lost its single authority to diverse traditions that embraced the reformed Christian faith. This was characterized by numerous religion based war in protest of the martial realm imposed by the powerful Roman Catholic establishment. Though these conflicts were detrimental, that is, they resulted in internal displacement and political instability, the overall effect was eradication of the Catholic dogma as revelations on divine path to salvation surfaced. Protestants were empowered to question certain practices and draw inferences from the bible which translated in their native languages. In fact, â€Å"It was the question of salvation, as well as others, such as the necessity of the sacraments, which separated the various Christian sects for centuries† (Tracy 71). The root of religion based war can be traced to varying ideology on vi ews as proposed by Martin Luther and those that were internalized by the Roman Catholic establishment which had an almost monopolistic control over religious roles on mankind. Actually, â€Å"Luther considered the Church corrupt and in need of extensive reform and the Church believed Luther was a heretic since his teachings regarding the papacy contradicted their own and threatened their claim to Papal supremacy† (Tracy 75). The differing ideology attracted a good number of converts to protestant front headed by Luther. These converts were disillusioned by the deep rooted culture of corruption and misappropriation in the Roman Catholic churches. As a result of Luther’s revolutionary messages on freedom and the joy of self conviction, many converts made substantial step towards quest for economic and political rights. Surprisingly, drawing his conviction from the bible, Luther was against use of force to liberate the body from physical harassment because such action wou ld jeopardize the noble course of goodness to mankind since it had no divine aspect but was guided by emotions. According to Wright (1982): The Peasant Revolt of 1524-1525 was condemned by Luther as unchristian and he lent his support to the princes as they put down the rebellion, killing thousands of peasants. While there were pertinent political necessities involved in Luther’s condemnation of the revolting peasants, his theology regarding the Two Kingdoms, the theological status of Christians and non-Christians, influenced his position as well. (Wright 98) Luther used this opportunity to justify his movement as based on revolution against unjust acts as opposed to disobedience to authority which was the pivotal point of the Peasant Revolt. Just like the sacrament, this revolt has no divine aspects but was a justification of hunger and human opinion same as the confirmation sacrament. Overtime, Luther’s efforts paid off as his ideology of afterlife available for refo rmed Christians penetrated religious circles. People begin to question the origin of the seven sacraments and their divine significance in the lives of those who follow them. Basing his defense from the bible, Luther identifies only two sacraments as those that have spiritual benefit to Christians, that is, the last supper and baptism. While dismissing other sacraments, Luther proposed that these sacraments were only permissible when practiced as a rite among mankind. Interestingly, Luther embraced the role of priest in administering sacraments and proposed to maintain the image of Jesus on the sacrament altar. Among the seven sacrament practices carried out by the Roman Catholic churches, Martin Luther rejected the sacrament of confession, sale of indulgence, pilgrimage, elaborate Catholic mass ritual, and prayer to saints as based on principles of human gratification. However, he embraced the sacrament of the last supper and baptism as having roots in the bible. Luther further cat egorically classifies the five sacrament rituals as those lacking divine inspiration since salvation was only possible by faith and not human practices. Interestingly, this belief was a direct opposite of his upbringing noting that he was brought up as a staunch catholic. His ideology of transformation embraced diversity and facilitated liberation of the Western Europe from the thread of the Roman Catholic establishment. As a matter of fact, these systematic proposals facilitated a century old transformation that swept across the continents of the world and climaxed with the establishment of the Lutheran church. As a better alternative, followers were convinced that the sacrament of baptism and last supper are ideal as compared to the other five which merely glorify the sinful mankind and deny faith a chance in the spiritual conviction. Works Cited Kolb, Robert. Martin Luther as Prophet, Teacher, Hero: Images of the Reformer, 1520- 1620 (Texts and Studies in Reformation and Post-Ref ormation Thought), Michigan: Baker Books, 1999. Print. Luther, Martin. â€Å"Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation Respecting the Reformation of the Christian Estate.† Luther’s Primary Works. Ed. Henry Wace and Buchheim C. London, UK: Hodder and Stoughton, 1896. Print. Luther, Martin. â€Å"The Freedom of a Christian Man.† The Protestant Reformation. Ed. Hans Hillerbrand. New York: Harper Row Publishers, 1968. Print. Marius, Richard. Martin Luther: The Christian between God and Death, Cambridge Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1999. Print. Tracy, James. Europe’s Reformations, 1450-1650, New York: Roman Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 1999. Print. Wright, Antony. The Counter-Reformation: Catholic Europe and the Non-Christian World, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1982. Print. This research paper on Martin Luther: Sacramental Practices was written and submitted by user Man-Thing to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How Sarin Nerve Gas Works (And What to Do If Exposed)

How Sarin Nerve Gas Works (And What to Do If Exposed) Sarin is an organophosphate nerve agent. It most commonly is considered a nerve gas, but it mixes with water, so ingestion of contaminated food/water or liquid skin contact also are possible. Exposure to even a small amount of Sarin may be fatal, yet treatments are available that may prevent permanent neurological damage and death. Heres a look at how it works and how exposure to Sarin is treated. Key Takeaways: Sarin Sarin is an organophosphate nerve gas- a type of chemical weapon.The gas dissolves in water, so Sarin can be delivered in food or liquids as well as air.Sarin works like a pesticide. It inhibits acetylcholinesterase, preventing muscle relaxation.Although Sarin can be deadly, mild exposure can be survivable. If exposed, get away from the nerve agent, remove all exposed clothing and clean skin with soap and water. Seek emergency medical attention. What Is Sarin? Sarin is a man-made chemical with the formula [(CH3)2CHO]CH3P(O)F. It was developed in 1938 by German researchers at IG Farben for use as a pesticide. Sarin gets its name from its discoverers: Schrader, Ambros, Rà ¼diger, and Van der Linde. Pure Sarin is colorless, odorless, and has no flavor. It is heavier than air, so Sarin vapor sinks into low-lying areas or toward the bottom of a room. The chemical evaporates in air and mixes readily with water. Clothing absorbs Sarin and its mixtures, which can spread exposure if contaminated clothing is not contained. Its important to understand you can survive a low concentration of Sarin exposure as long as you dont panic and do seek medical attention. If you survive initial exposure, you may have several minutes to several hours to reverse the effects. At the same time, dont assume you are in the clear just because you survived initial exposure. Because effects may be delayed, its important to get medical attention. How Sarin Works Sarin is a nerve agent, which means it interferes with the normal signaling between nerve cells. It acts in much the same way as organophosphate insecticides, block nerve endings from allowing muscles to stop contracting. Death may occur when the muscles controlling breathing become ineffective, causing asphyxiation. Sarin acts by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Ordinarily, this protein degrades acetylcholine released at the synaptic cleft. The acetylcholine activates nerve fibers that cause muscles to contract. If the neurotransmitter is not removed, the muscles dont relax. Sarin forms a covalent bond with the serine residue at the active site on the cholinesterase molecule, making it unable to bind to acetylcholine. Symptoms of Sarin Exposure Symptoms depend on the route and intensity of exposure. The lethal dose is incrementally higher than the dose producing minor symptoms. For example, inhaling an extremely low concentration of Sarin may produce a runny nose, yet a very slightly higher dose may cause incapacitation and death. The onset of symptoms depends on dose, usually within minutes to hours after exposure. Symptoms include: Dilated pupilsHeadacheSense of pressureSalivationRunny nose or congestionNauseaVomitingTightness in chestAnxietyMental confusionNightmaresWeaknessTremors or twitchesInvoluntary defecation or urinationAbdominal crampsDiarrhea If an antidote is not given, symptoms may proceed to convulsions, respiratory failure, and death. Treating Sarin Victims Although Sarin can kill and cause permanent damage, individuals who suffer mild exposure usually recover completely if given immediate treatment. The first and most important action is removing Sarin from the body. Antidotes to Sarin include atropine, Biperiden, and pralidoxime. Treatment is most effective if given immediately, but still helps if some times passes (minutes to hours) between exposure and treatment. Once the chemical agent is neutralized, supportive medical care is helpful. What to Do If You Are Exposed To Sarin Do not administer mouth-to-mouth resuscitation to a person exposed to Sarin, since the rescuer can be poisoned. If you think you have been exposed to Sarin gas or Sarin-contaminated food, water, or clothing, its important to seek professional medical attention. Flush exposed eyes with water. Clean exposed skin with soap and water. If you have access to a protective respiratory mask, hold your breath until you can secure the mask. Emergency injections typically are used only if symptoms of severe exposure occur or if the Sarin is injected. If you have access to injectables, be sure to understand when to use/not-use them, since the chemicals used to treat Sarin come with their own risks. References CDC Sarin Fact SheetSarin Material Safety Data Sheet, 103d Congress, 2d Session. United States Senate. May 25, 1994.Millard CB, Kryger G, Ordentlich A, et al. (June 1999). Crystal structures of aged phosphonylated acetylcholinesterase: nerve agent reaction products at the atomic level. Biochemistry 38 (22): 7032–9.Hà ¶rnberg, Andreas; Tunemalm, Anna-Karin; Ekstrà ¶m, Fredrik (2007). Crystal Structures of Acetylcholinesterase in Complex with Organophosphorus Compounds Suggest that the Acyl Pocket Modulates the Aging Reaction by Precluding the Formation of the Trigonal Bipyramidal Transition State. Biochemistry 46 (16): 4815–4825.

Battle of Olustee in the Civil War

Battle of Olustee in the Civil War Battle of Olustee - Conflict Date: The Battle of Olustee was fought February 20, 1864, during the American Civil War (1861-1865). Armies Commanders Union Brigadier General Truman Seymour5,500 men Confederate Brigadier General Joseph Finegan5,000 men Battle of Olustee - Background: Thwarted in his efforts to reduce Charleston, SC in 1863, including defeats at Fort Wagner, Major General Quincy A. Gillmore, commander of the Union Department of the South, turned his eye towards to Jacksonville, FL. Planning an expedition to the area, he intended to extend Union control over northeastern Florida and prevent supplies from the region reaching Confederate forces elsewhere. Submitting his plans to the Union leadership in Washington, they were approved as the Lincoln Administration hoped to restore a loyal government to Florida before the election that November. Embarking around 6,000 men, Gillmore entrusted operational control of the expedition to Brigadier General Truman Seymour, a veteran of major battles such as Gaines Mill, Second Manassas, and Antietam. Steaming south, Union forces landed and occupied Jacksonville on February 7. The next day, Gillmore and Seymours troops began advancing west and occupied Ten Mile Run. Over the next week, Union forces raided as far as Lake City while officials arrived in Jacksonville to start the process of forming a new government. During this time, the two Union commanders began arguing over the scope of Union operations. While Gillmore pressed for the occupation of Lake City and a possible advance to the Suwannee River to destroy the railroad bridge there, Seymour reported that neither was advisable and that Unionist sentiment in the region was minimal. As a result, Gillmore directed Seymour to concentrate his forced west of the city at Baldwin. Meeting on the 14th, he further directed his subordinate to fortify Jacksonville, Baldwin, and Barbers Plantation. Battle of Olustee - The Confederate Response: Appointing Seymour as commander of the District of Florida, Gillmore departed for his headquarters at Hilton Head, SC on February 15 and directed that no advance into the interior be made without his permission. Opposing the Union efforts was Brigadier General Joseph Finegan who led the District of East Florida. An Irish immigrant and an enlisted veteran of the prewar US Army, he possessed around 1,500 men with which to defend the region. Unable to directly oppose Seymour in the days after the landings, Finegans men skirmished with Union forces where possible. In an effort to counter the Union threat, he requested reinforcements from General P.G.T. Beauregard who commanded the Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. Responding to his subordinates needs, Beauregard sent contingents south led by Brigadier General Alfred Colquitt and Colonel George Harrison. These additional troops swelled Finegans force to around 5,000 men. Battle of Olustee - Seymour Advances: Shortly after Gillmores departure, Seymour began to view the situation in northeast Florida more favorably and elected to commence a march west to destroy the Suwannee River bridge. Concentrating around 5,500 men at Barbers Plantation, he planned to advance on February 20. Writing to Gillmore, Seymour informed his superior of the plan and commented that by the time you receive this I shall be in motion. Stunned upon receiving this missive, Gillmore dispatched an aide south with orders for Seymour cancel the campaign. This effort failed as the aide reached Jacksonville after the fighting had ended. Moving out early in the morning on the 20th, Seymours command was divided into three brigades led by Colonels William Baron, Joseph Hawley, and James Montgomery. Advancing west, Union cavalry led by Colonel Guy V. Henry scouted for and screened the column. Battle of Olustee - First Shots: Reaching Sanderson around midday, Union cavalry began skirmishing with their Confederate counterparts west of town. Pushing the enemy back, Henrys men met more intense resistance as they neared Olustee Station. Having been reinforced by Beauregard, Finegan had moved east and occupied a strong position along the Florida Atlantic and Gulf-Central Railroad at Olustee. Fortifying a narrow strip of dry ground with Ocean Pond to the north and swamps to the south, he planned receive the Union advance. As Seymours main column approached, Finegan hoped to use his cavalry to lure the Union troops into attacking his main line. This failed to occur and instead fighting intensified forward of the fortifications as Hawleys brigade began to deploy (Map). Battle of Olustee - A Bloody Defeat: Responding to this development, Finegan ordered Colquitt to advance with several regiments from both his brigade and Harrisons. A veteran of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville who had served under Lieutenant General Thomas Stonewall Jackson, he advanced his troops into the pine forest and engaged the 7th Connecticut, 7th New Hampshire, and 8th US Colored Troops from Hawleys brigade. The commitment of these forces saw the fighting rapidly grow in scope. The Confederates quickly gained an upper hand when confusion over orders between Hawley and the 7th New Hampshires Colonel Joseph Abbott led to the regiment deploying improperly. Under heavy fire, many of Abbotts men retired in the confusion. With the 7th New Hampshire collapsing, Colquitt focused his efforts on the raw 8th USCT. While the African-American soldiers acquitted themselves well, the pressure compelled them to begin falling back. The situation was made worse by the death of its commanding officer, Colonel Charles Fribley ( Map). Pressing the advantage, Finegan sent additional forces forward under the guidance of Harrison. Uniting, the combined Confederate forces began pushing east. In response, Seymour rushed Bartons brigade forward. Forming on the right of the remnants of Hawleys men the 47th, 48th, and 115th New York opened fire and halted the Confederate advance. As the battle stabilized, both sides inflicted increasingly heavy losses on the other. During the course of the fighting, Confederate forces began to run low on ammunition forcing a slackening of their firing as more was brought forward. In addition, Finegan led his remaining reserves into the fighting and took personal command of the battle. Committing these new forces, he ordered his men to attack (Map). Overwhelming the Union troops, this effort led Seymour to order a general retreat east. As Hawley and Bartons men began withdrawing, he directed Montgomerys brigade to cover the retreat. This brought the 54th Massachusetts, which had gained fame as one of the first official African-American regiments, and the 35th US Colored Troops forward. Forming, they succeeded in holding back Finegans men as their compatriots departed. Leaving the area, Seymour returned to Barbers Plantation that night with the 54th Massachusetts, 7th Connecticut, and his cavalry covering the retreat. The withdrawal was aided by a weak pursuit on the part of Finegans command. Battle of Olustee - Aftermath: A bloody engagement given the numbers engaged, the Battle of Olustee saw Seymour sustain 203 killed, 1,152 wounded, and 506 missing while Finegan lost 93 killed, 847 wounded, and 6 missing. Union losses were made worse by Confederate forces killing wounded and captured African-American soldiers after the fighting had concluded. The defeat at Olustee ended the Lincoln Administrations hopes for organizing a new government prior the 1864 election and made several in the North question the value of campaigning in a militarily insignificant state. While the battle had proved a defeat, the campaign was largely successful as the occupation of Jacksonville opened the city to Union trade and deprived the Confederacy of the regions resources. Remaining in Northern hands for the rest of the war, Union forces routinely conducted raids from the city but did not mount major campaigns. Selected Sources CWSAC Battle Summaries: Battle of OlusteeBattle of Olustee Civil War Trust: Battle of Olustee

The glass ceiling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The glass ceiling - Essay Example ceived superiority of men in administrative and leadership roles, diminishment of women’s voices in decision-making situations and valuation of perceived ‘masculine’ traits, such as, aggression and dominance over perceived ‘feminine’ traits like understanding and patients, especially in highly competitive and political environments. The glass ceiling has a variety of effects on women. The first and most obvious is to subtly exclude them from reaching top positions in their fields. While a few women do make it into upper management or leadership roles in their fields, the vast majority of most professions, and especially the highest echelons of those professions, remain dominated by men. This process can also create a significant negative impact on a woman’s personal life. Most obviously, professional stalling that occurs when women hit the glass ceiling and are no longer able to advance creates significant emotional problems, such as, professional frustration and decreased self-worth. Women are often made to make lose-lose choices, for instance, having to decide between having a child, and thus loosing time, energy and prestige at work, or focusing on their careers and losing out on family opportunities – choices men are never forced to make. (For question three, maybe focus on things such as the fact that you can use traditionally feminine traits to be an excellent psychologist, you can side-step traditional hierarchies that exist in other professions, and publish work in a merit-based fashion to achieve prestige without needing to go through patriarchal

Socrates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Socrates - Essay Example All through the book Socrates proves his respect for the law as well as his deep desire to continue studying philosophy. This paper will discuss why Socrates submitted to the law despite being innocent and it will seek to prove that Socrates love for his religion was far above his willingness to cooperate with the laws of Athens, and that he also respected the laws very much. During Socrates trial in the Apology, he stated to the Jury that he believed in what his gods commanded him to doing, and he would remain in his philosophical missions regardless of any situations. The Jury offered him the chance for freedom is he would quit his philosophical missions but Socrates said that even if it meant choosing between staying in prison and being free because of his religion, he would choose remaining in prison and continuing with his philosophy. Socrates had been imprisoned because he had spent a lot of time in investigation and practicing philosophy. In one occasion one member of the July said, "If you said to me in this regard: Socrates, we do not believe Anytus now; we acquit you, but only on the condition that you spend no more time on this investigation and do not practice philosophy, and if you are caught doing so you will die, if , as I say , you were to acquit me on those terms, I would say to you : " (Plato 29c-d) Through this statement, the Jury made it clear that they were completely against Socrates ideas and religion ad they were only going to set him free on condition that he quitted his philosophical mission. In response to this statement, Socrates stated that, Through this response, Socrates made it clear to the July that he was not ready to buy their decision and that he respected his religion more than the law. The fear of suffering in prison could not pullback Socrates philosophical mission. He chooses to go against the law and be denied independence on the expense of continuing to study

Cultural Research of Nayar of India

Cultural Research of Nayar of India This research paper provides insights into the Political Organization, Gender Relations, and Beliefs and Values of the agrarian state and cultural practices of the Nayar people of southwestern India. By understanding the Nayar culture, people may better understand and appreciate cultural differences between the Nayar culture and that of their own. In the essay, Some Aspects of Nayar Life Panikkar (1918) states, The Nayars are at present an essentially agricultural population. The vast majority of them are peasant proprietors owning small farms. Rice and coco-nuts are the chief things cultivated, though in North Malabar pepper and card oman have also their share (p.285). It should also be noted that states are much more complex and stratified than chiefdoms, so it is not feasible to rely solely on kinship as a recruitment method. In state systems, land ownership and occupation are at least as important as kinship as a system of organization; the state itself becomes a key institution of organization. (Nowak, et al., 2010, ch.7.8, n. p.). Of particular interest is the fact that the Nayar as with other caste societies, marry within their own caste. While this similarity with other endogamous societies helps to preserve the class of people, the Nayar marriage practices vary considerably from other agrarian states and caste for which I explain later. Political Organization The political system among the Nayar people has as with most cultures that have been the target of colonialism and capitalism, seen considerable change over last several hundred years. Much of the former kinship, matrilineal and political structures and systems of the Nayar culture have all but vanished. Kathleen Gough (1952), stated that Later in the nineteenth century, more deep-rooted economic changes took place, and these have increased in momentum until all the traditional groupings of caste, village and lineage are dis-integrating (p. 79). The political and economic influence during the later part of 19th century by the British probably had the most notable impact on the Nayar people. European military forces and government structures as well as the introduction of machines played a significant role in the changing political and economic structures and systems as well as building of permanent roads and railroads. The introduction of new trading opportunities, realignment of jobs, tighter controls to ensure peace, increased use of monetary currency, and broader reaching governmental jurisdiction across caste and villages played a vital role in redesigning the Nayar culture and politics as well. Evidence of this breaking down of prior systems has been described as The expansion of trade, the introduction of new technological devices, and the opening up of new occupations, produce new economic classes between which there is mobility, and which to some extent cut across the affiliations and ranking of caste. (Gough, 1952, p. 81). Through the elimination of caste ranking, socioeconomic and sociopolitical class rankings no longer limit Nayar people from changing class levels and limits have become more aligned with performance and education. With the introduction of formal government, monetary systems, increased import and export as well as technological advances, the former Nayar methods of controlling the distribution of wealth, food and other trade labor as well as class distinctions have resulted in a more capitalistic society. Along with these changes, the Nayar people are increasingly integrating practices common in more advanced capitalistic and socialistic society forms of government, business, and family relationships. Gender Relations Anthropologists studying the Nayar society of southwestern India continue to struggle with defining certain aspects of gender relations in a western context. One such area of significant interest and difficulty is in contrasting Nayar marriage with marriage in western society and terms. While marriage may be seen by many as a cultural universal even in consideration of variations such as polygamy, the Nayar marriage purpose and experience is quite different from marriages in most other societies. Perhaps, such significant differences would be more understandable if a different term other than marriage was used to represent Nayar marriage. One example of the differences in Nayar marriages as stated by Miriam Koktvedgaard (2008) was that The Nayar of India practiced a form of non-fraternal polyandry in which several men were simultaneously the husbands of one wife. Usually only the first husband underwent a ritual marriage with the woman before she entered puberty (p.11). This cultural practice appears to be an extraordinary characteristic of the Nayar unlike most other marriage constructs. Not so much perhaps as a woman having multiple simultaneous husbands although rare, but having ritual marriages with a woman that has not reached puberty. In order to further elaborate on the marriage of girls that have not yet reach puberty, I should explain that Before a girl reaches puberty, a Nayar girl is married to a man as a rite of passage. The man she marries has no rights to the girl, and she has no obligation to him. When she is older, the girl is allowed to enter into other marriages and have children with those husbands. (Nowak, et al., 2010, ch 7.8, n.p.) Anthropologist suspect that by maintain a loosely committed marriage relationship with both men and women being sexually active with other mates or spouses, it allows men to stay away for long periods of time with little affect on the family system. Another characteristic of the Nayar gender relationship was with regard to the definition of the domestic unit or nuclear family in that The central Nayar domestic unit consisted of a mother, her daughters and their children; husbands and wife did not set up house together (Koktvedgaard, 2008, p. 11). While for some it may be difficult to show proper respect for the differences in marriage practices and to fully comprehend how the standard definition of a domestic unit that does not include a husband or father could exist, these are important distinctions remain. Interactions by an outsider with beliefs that differ from Nayar gender relations and beliefs could easily produce criticisms or a sense of condemnation which could quickly derail otherwise honest attempts at gaining progress or cooperation. It has been recognized however that the influence of British colonization and the exposing of criticisms and by force that the matrilineal change to patrilineal form of family organization has been made. Beliefs and Values Over thousands of years of considerable influence by mainstream religious faith denominations such as Christianity, Judaism, and Hinduism, the Nayar have been substantially un-phased in adopting one of the recognized religions. Evidence of the lack of adoption of a primary religion by the Nayar is stated as Nothing shows so much the extreme persistence of primitive culture, even in the face of higher civilising agencies, than the wide and almost universal acceptance of spirit-worship, and the almost entire absence of religious life among the Nayars after at least twenty centuries of contact with Hinduism Panikkar, (1918), p.277. While the Nayar do use Hindu temples for worship and ceremonies, the nature of these particular practices are not recognized under any Hindu creed or other religion for that matter. The Nayar belief in magic and spirit worship continues although they are recognized leaders in literature and music within their culture and subsequently would not be considered uncivilized. Another characteristic of the Nayar people is where they fit within a caste society. A caste is an endogamous social grouping into which a person is born and within which a person remains throughout his or her lifetime. It is an ascribed position. (Nowak, et al., 2010, ch 7.8, n.p.). Within these groupings, marriages and other interactions which were tightly controlled even forbid physical touch across caste. With the capitalistic evolution and exposure to western culture, the adherence too many of the cross-caste practices continue to see change. The impact on discussions or considerations concerning life, business or religion with Nayar people considering both the likely absence of common religious beliefs and belief in magic and spirit worship could be significant. Consider a Christian believer entering into discussion with a Nayar community by condemning Nayar core religious beliefs in hopes of collecting contributions for acquiring land for a new church. In this example, it is unlikely this approach would succeed given criticism of beliefs as a basis for support. If religious beliefs vary as significantly as I have described, what is valued is also in conflict. These differences would then become obstacles in coming together towards common goals if not taken into consideration prior to presenting a position introducing mutually beneficial outcomes in which both parties increase items or results of value. Conclusion The Nayar depended largely on rice for food and to a lesser extent vegetables, fish, and poultry. The formation and growth of families was largely relative to the amount of land they owned and the class of house. The ownership or family structure that developed as a result was more of a community or corporate type of ownership model which was significantly linked to the women and her side of the family in years past. The Nayar are heavily involved in politics and other forms of industrialized production observable by the number of local printing businesses while continuing their tradition of agriculture. In many ways, the Nayar people and culture has adopted many aspects of American and European culture. By gaining a better understanding of the Nayar political organizations, gender relations, and beliefs and values, people from other cultures will better understand and appreciate the cultural differences. This enhanced awareness will be beneficial in helping to offer solutions to problems in government, business growth, housing, and as other forms of industry are introduced or sought out.

Renaissance and Discovery

Renaissance and Discovery I The Renaissance in Italy A. The renaissance was the period when people began to adopt a rational and statistical approach to reality and rediscovered the worth and creativity of the individual. Most scholars agree that the Renaissance (which meaner â€Å"rebirth† in French) was a transition from medieval to modern times. Before the change, Europe was a fragmented feudal society with an agricultural economy with a church who dominated their thoughts and culture. Once the change happened, Europe was a growing nation, an urban economy, and people had new opinions on thought, culture, and religion.The Italian Renaissance began with the deaths of Patriarch (the â€Å"father† of humanism) and Biochip (author of the Decadence). With that, the Florentine humanist culture spread through Italy and into northern Europe. Scholars considered ‘civic humanism' describe the coalescence of humanism and civic reform. 1 . The Renaissance first shaped up w ithin the merchant cities of late medieval Italy. Italy had a cultural advantage over the rest of Europe because it had a natural gateway between East and West.Once commerce revived on a large scale, their merchants quickly mastered the business skills in organization, book keeping, cutting new markets, and securing monopolies. The trade-rich cities became powerful city-states and dominated the political and economic life around the area. The endemic warfare spawned assisted the growth of Italian cities and urban culture. The factions might have subdued the cities as they permitted each other to concentrate on. Instead, they decided to weaken each other which strengthened the merchant oligarchies of the cities.Unlike cities which were dominated by kings and princes, the Italian cities remained free to expand their own. Five major, competitive tastes evolved: the duchy of Milan, the republics of Florence and Venice, the Papal States, and the kingdom of Naples. Social strife and compe tition for political power intensified that most evolved into despotisms in order to survive. Florence was the best example of social division and anarchy. Four social groups existed within the city; the old rich, or grand, the nobles, and merchants who ruled the city.In the late 13th and early 14th centuries they began to challenge the old rich for political power. In 1457 about 30,000 people were officially considered paupers, which meant having no wealth at all. These divisions caused conflict to every level of society which added to fear of foreign intrigue. True stability did not return until the ascent to power of the Florentine banker and statesman in 1434. Medici was the wealthiest Florentine and natural statesman who controlled the city internally behind the scenes, manipulating the constitution and influencing elections.A council which was known as the Signora governed the city, these men were chosen from the most powerful guilds representing the major clothing industries, or other groups like bankers, judges, and doctors. Medici was able to keep councilors loyal to him in the Signora. His grandson Lorenz the Magnificent ruled Florence in almost totalitarian fashion during the last chaotic quarter of the 15th century. To prevent internal social conflict and foreign intrigue from stopping their cities, the dominant groups installed hi strongmen or despots. Their purpose was to maintain law and order.Since despots couldn't count on the loyalty of the populace, they worked through mercenary armies through military brokers known as conditioner. Not only was a despot subject to dismissal by oligarchies which hired him, but he was also a popular object of assassination attempts. Most city-states' ambassadors not only represented them in ceremonies and negotiations, but became their watchful eyes and ears at rival courts. Such widespread support occurred because of the main requirement for patronage of the arts and letters was what Italian cities had in abu ndance:great wealth. . Some scholars believe humanists were the champions of Catholic Christianity, opposed to the pagan teachings of Aristotle and the Scholasticism his writings nurtured. To others, it was a neutral form of historical scholarship adopted to promote above all sense of responsibility and political liberty. Humanism was the study of the Latin and Greek classics and the ancient Church Fathers for its own sake and in hope of reviving respect ancient norms and values. The Florentine Leonardo Bruin gave the name humanists to the learning that resulted from scholarly pursuits.Bruin was a star student of Manuel Chrysalis, the Byzantine scholar who opened the world of Greek scholarship to humanists when he taught in Florence. The first humanists were orators and poets who wrote original literature in classical and vernacular languages inspired by and modeled on the newly discovered works of the ancients. The study of classical and Christian antiquity existed before the Itali an Renaissance. These precedents only partially compared with the achievements of the Italian Renaissance of the 14th/1 5th centuries.Unlike their Scholastic rivals, humanists were less bound to recent tradition; nor did they focus their attention on summarizing and comparing the views of recognized authorities. Italian humanists made the full riches of Greek and Latin antiquity available to contemporary scholars. Patriarch was the â€Å"father of humanism. † He was involved in a popular revolt in Rome and served the Viscount family in Milan. His most famous contemporary work was a collection of highly introspective love sonnets to a certain Laura, who was a married woman he romantically admired from a distance.His critical textual studies, elitism, and contempt for the learning of the Scholastics were later shared by humanists. He was far more secular in orientation than his near-contemporary Dante Aligner. He had also been an avid collector of manuscripts and also assembled an encyclopedia of Greek and Roman mythology. The goal of humanist studies was wisdom eloquently spoken, both knowledge of the good and the ability to move others to sire it. Pitter Paolo Verger left a summary of the humanist concept of a liberal education. The ideal of a useful education and well rounded people inspired far- reaching reforms in traditional education.Vitiation ad Felt exemplified the ideals of humanist teaching. He had his students read the difficult works of various writers and subjected his students to vigorous physical exercise and games. Balderdash Castigation's Book of the Courtier illustrates, the rediscovered knowledge of the past was a model and a challenge to the present. The successful courtier is to be one who knows how to integrate knowledge of ancient languages and history with athletic, military, and musical skills, while at the same time practicing good manners and exhibiting a high moral character.After the fall of Constantinople to the Turks, many Greek scholars fled to Florence for refuge. This became the background against which the Florentine Platonic Academy evolved under the patronage of Cosmic De' Medici and the vision of Amarillo Fiction and Pico Della Miranda. Renaissance thinkers were attracted to the Platonic tradition and to those Church Fathers who tried to synthesize Platonic philosophy with Christian teaching. The appeal of Platonism lay in its flattering view of human nature.It's distinguished between an eternal sphere of being and the perishable world in which humans lived. Strong Platonic influence is evident in Picot's Oration on the Dignity of Man. Pico wrote the Oration as an introduction to his pretentious collection of nine hundred theses. Palpation's teaching depicted humans as the only creatures in the world who possessed the freedom to be whatever they chose and be at will to rise to the heights of angels. The humanists could become critics of tradition even when that was not their intention.Dispassio nate critical scholarship shook long standing foundations, not at the least of which were those of the medieval church. Lorenz Villa revealed the explosive character of the new learning. Although a Catholic, he became a hero to Protestant reformers. Humanists believed education should promote individual virtue and public service, hence civic humanism. Toward the end of the Renaissance, many humanists became cliquish and snobbish, and intellectual elite more concerned with narrow scholarly interests and writing pure, classical Latin than with revitalization civic and social life. . In Renaissance Italy, the values and interests of the laity were no longer subordinated to those of the clergy. This development was due in part to the church's loss of international power during the great crises of the late Middle Ages. This new perspective on life is prominent in the painting and sculpture of the high Renaissance when art and sculpture reached their full maturity. Renaissance artists wer e helped by the development of new technical skills during the 1 5th century in addition to the availability of new materials.Leonardo ad Vinci was a true master of many skills and one of the greatest painters of all time. His inventive mind foresaw modern machines as airplanes and submarines. Raphael was a man of kindness and a painter of great sensitivity, he is famous for his tender Madonna's and the great fresco in the Vatican which was a perfect example of Renaissance technique. Michelangelo excelled in a variety of arts and crafts. His David showed a great example of Renaissance devotion to harmony, symmetry, and proportion, all serving the glorification of the human form.His works were later more complex and suggested deep personal changes which marked artistically and philosophically, the passing of High Renaissance painting and the advent of a new Tyler. 4. Throughout the Renaissance, slavery flourished Just as extravagantly as art and culture did. Contemporaries looked on such slavery as a merciful act since their captors would otherwise have killed the captives. After the Black Death reduced the supply of laborers, the demand for slaves became higher. Slaves were imported from Africa, the Balkans, Constantinople, Cyprus, Crete, and the lands surrounding the Black Sea.Owners had complete dominion over their slaves which meant the power to â€Å"have, hold, sell, alienate, exchange, enjoy, rent or UN-rent, dispose of in their wills, edge soul and body, and do with in perpetuity whatsoever may please them and their heirs and no man may gainsay them. † Tartars and Africans appeared to have been the worst treated but in ancient Greece and Rome, slaves were generally accepted as family members and integrated into households. Not few women slaves became mothers of their masters' children.Fathers often adopted children of such unions and raised them as their legitimate heirs. Slaves remained a foreign and suspected presence in Italian society as upro oted and resentful people. B. Italy's Political Decline: The French Invasions (1494-1527) . Italy had always relied on internal cooperation for its peace and safety from foreign invasion (by the Turks). This was maintained during the second half of the fifteenth century thanks to an alliance known as the Treaty of Load. Around 1490 hostilities between Milan and Naples resumed.The peace that the Treaty of Load made possible ended in 1494 when Naples threatened Milan. Ludicrous made made a fatal response to these political alignments by appealing to the French for aid. Breaking an Italian rule, he invited the French to re-enter Italy and revive their dynastic claim to Naples. He hadn't noticed that France also had dynastic claims to Milan or how there would be more French territory once they encamped in Italy. 2. The French king Louis XSL resisted the temptation to invade Italy while keeping French dynastic claims in Italy alive.Such appeasement only brought about Pier's exile by a ci tizenry that was revolutionized by a radical Dominican preacher (Savonarola). Savonarola convinced the fearful Florentine that the French kings arrival was a long-delayed and fully Justified divine vengeance on their immorality. This allowed Charles to enter Florence without resistance. N the end, the Florentine proved not to be the stuff theocracies are made of. After the Italian cities reunited and ousted the French invader, Savonarola days were numbered. Eventually he was imprisoned and executed. Ludicrous IL Moor desired a French invasion only so long as it weakened his enemies, he saw events created by himself which threatened Milan. In reaction, he Joined the League of Venice which was strong enough to send Charles into retreat and end the menace he posed to Italy. 3. The French returned to Italy under Charlie's successor, Louis XII. Probably the cost corrupt pope who ever sat on the papal throne, he openly promoted the political careers of Cesar and Lucrative Boring.In Roman the pope's ally within the League of Venice continued to contest the Papal States for their loyalty. Seeing that French alliance would allow him to reestablish control, Alexander secured French favor. He annulled Louis Xi's marriage to Charles Vic's sister so he could marry Charlie's widow (Anne of Brittany). Most important Alexander agreed to abandon the League of Venice. In exchange, Cesar Boring received the sister of the king of Invader. Cesar also received land grants from Louis XII and the promise of French military aid in Roman.All was a scandalous trade-off that made it possible for the French king and the pope to realize their ambitions within Italy. In 1500 Louis and Ferdinand of Argon divided Naples between them and the pop and Cesar Boring conquered the cities of Roman without opposition. Alexander victorious son was given the title â€Å"duke of Roman. † 4. Cardinal Giuliani Della Rover succeeded Alexander VI as Pope Julius II. Julius raised the Renaissance papac y to its peak of military prowess and diplomatic intrigue, gaining him the title of â€Å"warrior pope. This humorous account purported to describe the pope's unsuccessful efforts to convince Saint Peter that he was worthy of admission to Heaven. Pop Julius drove the Venetians out of Roman and fully secured the Papal States. Realizing this long sought papal goal, he turned to the second major undertaking of his pontificate: ridding Italy of his former ally, the French invader. The French were nothing besides persistent. They invaded Italy a third time under Louse's successor, Francis l. The victory won the Concordat of Bologna from the pope in August 1516.This concordat helped keep France Catholic after the outbreak of the Protestant Reformation, but the new French entry into Italy set the stage for the first of four major wars with Spain in the first half of the sixteenth century. 5. The foreign invasions made shambles out of Italy. Machiavelli was more convinced through the more he saw. He became the Italian political unity and independence were ends which Justified any meaner. Machiavelli was impressed by the way Roman rulers and citizens defended their homeland. They possessed the ability to act decisively and heroically for the good of their country.Such romanticizes of the Roman past exaggerated both ancient virtue and contemporary failings. He also held republican ideals which he didn't want to vanish from Italy. He believed a strong and determined people could struggle successfully with fortune. He scolded the Italian people for the self-destruction their own internal feuding was causing. He wanted an end to that behavior so a reunited Italy could drive all foreign armies out. It's been argued that he wrote The Prince as a cynical satire on the way rulers behave and not as a serious recommendation of unprincipled despotic rule.But Machiavelli seems to have been in earnest when he advised rulers to discover the advantages of fraud and brutality. He app arently hoped to see a strong ruler emerge from the Medici family which had captured the papacy with the pontificate. At the same time, they retained control over the powerful territorial state in Florence. The Prince was pointedly dedicated to Lorenz De' Medici, duke of Robin, and grandson of Lorenz the Magnificent. The second Medici pope watched helplessly as the army of Emperor Charles V sacked Rome was also the year of Machiavellian death.

A Secret Weapon for Toefl Essay Topics Examples

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