Market risk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Market risk - Essay Example Even with the Security exchange commission, Federal Reserve still does not grantee immunization from the insecurity that comes with risk. FI’s have faced difficulties over the years for a multitude of reasons; the major cause of serious FI problems remains directly related to lax credit standards. These problems range from borrowers, counter-parties, poor portfolio risk management, or a lack of attention to changes in economic or other circumstances. These lapses in awareness can lead to decline in the credit standing of an FI’s counterparties. This experience is common in both G-10 and non-G-10 countries (Basel 1999). When discussing market risk there are many trading activities that have caught the eyes of regulators by FI managers. For example, in September 1995, a leading Japanese bank, Daiwa Bank was forced into insolvency because of losses trading in Japanese stock futures that took place at a branch in New York City (Saunders & Cornett, pp 258). Market risk can b e define as the risk related to the uncertainty of an FI’s earning on its trading portfolio caused by changes in market conditions, such as price of an asset, interest rates, market volatility, and market liquidity (J.P. Morgan). Understanding what is at risk when trading and investing on the market is of great interest to FI managers. There are divergent types of portfolio’s, which can be distinguished on a basis of time, horizon and liquidity. Trading portfolio consists of assets, liabilities, and derivative contracts that can be bought and sold quickly on organized financial markets. The category of asset or liabilities in a trading portfolio could be a long or short position in commodities, foreign exchange, equity securities, interest rate swaps, and options (Saunders & Cornett, pp 258). The investment portfolio has assets and liabilities that are moderately illiquid and held for longer holding periods. The variety of assets and

Sudanese Girl Photography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sudanese Girl Photography - Essay Example It is in this regard that photography can be used to present real objects and events which cause responses among viewers that are analogous to the experience of the actual event as presented by the photograph. This photo plays a communicatory role and significance of trauma in the African soil which is caused by famine and the resultant poverty and disease which has left many dead including innocent children. Carter’s photo communicates effectively without any form of verbal mediation (Ryan, 2006). This is illustrated by the fact that there is no supplementary message to explain the events which occurred in a desert in Sudan. The photograph is imagery with a frail young child with an approaching vulture. The surrounding demonstrates a desert with all dryness which further reveals the desperate situation which innocent children on the African soils are facing (Wittliff, 2008). Even through Carter’s photograph has been described as artistic perfection, the social cultural and moral feelings which emanate from the work of art reveal a desperate situation which would have been prevented. It is in this regard that photographic communication is seen as a powerful tool which would communicate messages that cause psychological trauma and a sense of human desperation (Ryan, 2006). ... This photography was very important to the photographer and significant to an extent that the psychological trauma that it elicited caused him to commit suicide later on (Wittliff, 2008). This photograph has played a significant role in the portraying photography as a powerful work of art which if presented well can communicate volumes in the most effective and psychosocially stimulating. Mona Lisa Mona Lisa is a painting by Leonardo da Vinci which represents one of the most famous works of art in the world. This is demonstrated that the painting has been described as the most visited, viewed, written and sung about painting in the world (Lukehart, 2005). This painting presents a composition with monumental value. This is through the expression of the subject within the painting in the most enigmatic way and therefore attracting fascination and interest in da Vinci’s work or art by millions across the world. The talent which da Vinci illuminates with through this painting has sparkled mysteries and debates on Mona Lisa and as a result causing increased interest within the audience (Radan, 2009). The painting has been one of the greatest mysteries especially as pertaining to the identity of the subject. Additionally, the nature of the subject’s smile has caused mysteries and mixed thoughts. The painting is set within a mountainous landscape which illustrates the artist’s ability to resent heavily shaded model in the softest manner. The figure of the woman within the painting and her expression are the most significant feature of the painting. The expression of Mona Lisa has been described as being both aloof and alluring (Radan, 2009). This is the

Assessing Pain in in Post Operative Breast Cancer Patients

Assessing Pain in in Post Operative Breast Cancer Patients Comparison between Brief  Pain  Inventory (BPI) and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for post-operative pain assessment in Saudi Arabian  breast cancer patients. Questions Does  BPI assess  post-operative breast cancer pain  more  accurately than NRS? Summary: Effective pain assessment is one of the  fundamental  criteria  of the  management of  pain. It involves  the  evaluation of pain intensity, location of the pain and response to treatment. There are  a  number  of multi and one-dimensional assessment tools  that  have already been established to assess cancer pain. Among these  are the  Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) and  the  Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Breast cancer is  a growing public  concern in Saudi Arabia  as rates continue to escalate, with patients  also  suffering multiple problems after surgery. Therefore, my research aim is to  conduct a  comparative study  of tools  used to  assess post-operative breast cancer pain  in  Saudi Arabian  patients  and determine which is the most effective. In this process I will use questionnaires for both nurses and patients to collect data,  followed by statistical analysis and  a  comparative  study between  the  BPI and NRS. Research Hypothesis: BPI assesses  post-operative breast cancer pain  in Saudi Arabian  patients  more  accurately than NRS.   Null hypothesis: There is no significant difference between BPI and NRS  as tools for  assessing post-operative breast cancer pain  in  Saudi Arabian  patients Background: Pain is defined as  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœthe normal, predicted physiological response to an adverse chemical, thermal or mechanical stimulus related with surgery, trauma or acute illness’ (Carr and Goudas, 1999).  Pain assessment is a crucial component for the effective management of post-operative pain in relation to breast cancer. The patient’s report is the main  resource  of information  regarding the  characterisation and evaluation of pain; as such, assessment is  the ‘dynamic method of explanation of the syndrome of the pain, patho-physiology and  the basis for  designing a protocol for its management’  (Yomiya, 2011). A recent survey  questioned almost 900 physicians  897 and found  that  76% reported substandard  pain assessment  procedures  as the single most important barrier  to  suitable  pain management (Roenn  et al, 1993). Breast cancer is characterized by  a  lump or thickening in  the  breast, discharge or bleeding,  a  change in colour of  the  areola, redness or pitting of skin  and a  marble like area under  the  skin (WebMD, 2014[A1]). Breast cancer  has a high prevalence rate globally and is the second most diagnosed cancer in women. Approximately  1.7 million cases were reported in 2012  alone  (WCRFI, 2014). In 2014,  just over  15,000  women  have  already  been  diagnosed with breast cancer: this figure is predicted to rise to around 17,200 in 2020 Breast cancer  has also been identified  as one of the major cancer related problems in Saudi Arabia, with 6,922 women were  assessed[A2]  for breast cancer between 2001-2008 (Alghamdi,  2013[A3]). D  Pain assessment tools Polit  et al  (2006) conducted  a systematic review of the evidence base  and  recorded a total of  80 different assessment tools that  contained  at least one pain item. The  tools were then  categorised into pain tools  (n=48)  and general symptoms tools  (n=32) . They were then  separated into uni-dimensional  tools  (which measure the pain intensity)  and multi-dimensional tools  (include more than one pain dimension). 33%  of all pain tools  (n=16) were uni-dimensional, and  50% of all  general symptom tools  (n=16)were uni-dimensional. 58% of the uni-dimensional tools  employed  single  item scales such as  the  Visual  Analogue  Scale (VAS), Verbal Rating Scales (VRS)  and NRS (Numerical  Rating  Scale). The most common dimension  included  was pain intensity, present in 60% of  tools. In  the assessed tools, 60% assessed pain  in a  multi-dimensional  format. Among  pain tools,  67% were found   to be  multi-dimensional  compared with 50% of the general symptom tools.  38% of all multi-dimensional tools were two-dimensional.  The most  commonly used  dimension was  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœintensity’,  present  in 75% of  all  multi-dimensional tools. Other common  dimensions  include  interference, location  and beliefs. All the dimensions were specifically targeted by two particular tools which were disease-specific tools and tools that measure pains affect, beliefs, and coping-related  issues[A4]. Multidimensional Pain assessment tools: F  The  adequate measurement of pain  requires  more than one tool. Melzack and Casey (1968)  highlight that  pain assessment  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœshould include three dimensions which are sensory-discriminative, motivational-affective and cognitive-evaluative’.  This builds on the  earlier  proposal of  Beecher (1959)  who considered that all tools should include the  two dimensions  of  pain and reaction to pain. Cleeland (1989)  considered that  the  two dimensions  should be classified  as sensory and reactive. Sensory dimensions  should record  the intensity or severity  of pain  and the reactive dimensions should include accurate measures of interference  in the  daily function  of the patient.   Multi-dimensional pain assessments generally consist of  six  dimensions: physiologic, sensory, affective, cognitive, behavioural and sociocultural (McGuire, 1992). Cleeland (1989)  interviewed patients and  found  that  seven items could effectively measure the intensity and effects of the pain in daily activities: these  comprise  of  general activity, walking, work, mood, enjoyment of life, relations with others and sleep. These elements were later subdivided  into two groups: ‘REM’  (relations with others, enjoyment of life and mood) and  Ã¢â‚¬ËœWAW’  (walking, general activity and work). Later, Cleeland  et al  (1996) developed  the  Brief  Pain  Inventory (BPI) in both  its  short and long form.  It was designed  to capture two  categories  of interference such as  activity and affect on  emotions.  The  BPI provides  a relatively  quick and easy method  of measuring  the  intensity  of pa in  and the  level of  interference  in the  daily activities of the  sufferer. With the BPI  tool, patients are graded  on  a 0-10 and it  was  specifically  designed  for the  assessment of  cancer related pain. Patients  are  asked  about the intensity of the pain that they are experiencing at present, as well as the pain intensity over  the last 24 hours as  the  worst, least  or  average  pain (also  on a scale of 0-10). Each  scale is bound  by the words ‘no pain’  (0) and  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœpain as bad as you can imagine’  (10). Patients are also  requested  to rate the degree to which pain interferes  with their  daily activities within the seven  domains  on a scale of 0-10.  that comprise general activity, walking, mood, sleep, work, relations with other persons, and enjoyment of life using similar scales of 0 to  10[A5]. These scales are only confined by the words ‘does not interfere’ and ‘interferes  completely[A6]’ (Tan  et al, 2004).  Validation of BPI across the world among the different language people has already been justified.  [A7]Additionally, the localization of the pain in the body  could be  [A8]assessed and details of current medication are assessed (Caraceni  et al, 1996). Uni-dimensional pain assessment tool:   Previous studies  have  shown  that  the  Numerical  Rating  Scale (NRS) had the power to assess pain intensity for patients  experiencing chronic pain and was also an effective assessment tool for patients with cancer related pain. The  NRS consists of a numerical scale range between 0-100 where 0 was considered as one extreme point represented no pain and 100 was considered other extreme point which represented bad/ worse pain  (Jensen et al, 1986). Turk  et al  (1993) developed  an  11 point  NRS (scale 0-10) where 0 equalled  no pain and 10  equalled  worst pain. Though cancer pain differs from acute, postoperative and chronic  pain experiences, the most common feature is its subjective nature. [A9]  In this regard a consensus meeting on cancer pain assessment and classification was held in Italy in 2009  with the  recommendation that  pain intensity should be measured  on a  scale  of  0-10 with  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœno pain’à ‚  and  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœpain as bad as you can  imagine[A10]’  (Hjermstad  et al.,  2011). Krebs  et al.  (2007) categorised NRS scores as mild (1–3), moderate (4–6), or severe (7–10). A rating of  4 or 5  is  the most commonly recommended lower limit  for moderate pain and 7 or 8 for severe pain. Aimed at moderate pain assessment,  For the purpose of clinical and administrative use the  recommendation for moderate pain assessment on the scale is a score of 4. Importance of post- operative pain assessment: Post-operative pains  is  very common after surgery  and  the  use of  medication  often  depends  on the intensity of pain  that the patient is experiencing  (Chung  et al, 1997). Insufficient assessment of post-operative pain  can have a  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœsignificant detrimental  effect on raised levels of anxiety, sleep disturbance, restlessness, irritability, aggression, distress and suffering’  (Carr  et al,  2005). Additional  physiological  effects can include  increased  blood pressure, vomiting and paralytic ileus, increased adrenaline production, sleep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolus (Macintyre and Ready, 2002). Effective post-operative pain assessment ensures better pain management  and can significantly reduce the risk of the symptoms listed above, giving minimal distress or suffering  to patients  and reducing  potential complications (Machintosh, 2007). References: Alghamdi IG, Hussain II, Alhamdi MS, El-Sheemy MA (2013) Arabia: an observational descriptive epidemiological analysis of data from Saudi Cancer Registry 2001-2008. Dovepress. Breast cancer: Targets and therapy; 5: 103-109. Caraceni A, Mendoza TR, Mencaglia E (1996) A validation study of an Italian version of the Brief Pain Inventory (Breve Questionario per la Valutazione del Dolore). Pain; 65: 87-92. Carr D and Goudas L. C. (1999) Acute pain. Lancet 353, 2051-2058. Carr EC, Thomas NV, Wilson-Barnet J (2005) Patient experiences of anxiety, depression and acute pain after surgery: a longitudinal perspective. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 42(5): 521-530. Chung F, Ritchie E, Su J (1997) Postoperative pain in ambulatory surgery. Anaesthesia and Analgesia 85: 808-816.   Cleeland CS (1989) Measurement of pain by subjective report. Issues in pain measurement. New York: Raven Press; pp. 391-403. Cleeland CS, Nakamura Y, Mendoza TR, Edwards KR, Douglas J, Serlin RC (1996) Dimensions of the impact of cancer pain in a four country sample: new information from multidimensional scaling. Pain 67 (2-3): 267-273. Hjermstad MJ, Fayers PM, Haugen DF, Caraceni A, Hanks GW, Loge JH, Fainsinger R, Aass N, Kaasa S (2011) Studies comparing numerical rating scale, verbal rating scale and visual analogue scales for assessment of pain intensity in adults: a systematic literature review. Journal of pain and symptom management. 41 (6): 1073-1093. Jensen MP, Karoly P, Braver S (1986) The measurement of clinical pain intensity: a comparison of six methods. Pain 27: 117-126. Krebs EE, Carey TS, Weinberger M (2007) Accuracy of the pain numeric rating scale as a screening test in primary care. Journal of general medicine. 22(10): 1453-1458. Machintosh C (2007) Assessment and management of patients with post-operative pain. Nursing Standard. 22 (5): 49-55. Macintyre PE, Ready LB (2002) Acute pain management. Second edition, WB Saunders, Edinburgh. McGuire DB (1992) Comprehensive and multidimensional assessment and measurement of pain. Journal of pain and symptom management; 7(5): 312-319. Melzack R and Casey KL (1968) Sensory, motivational and central control determinants of pain: a new conceptual model. In: Kenshalo DR, editor. The skin senses proceedings. Springfield IL: Thomas; pp. 423-439. National Breast Cancer Foundation (NBCF): 2014;  http://www.nbcf.org.au/Research/About-Breast-Cancer.aspx Polit JCHC, Hjermstad MJ, Loge JH, Fayers PM, Caraceni A, Conno FD, Forbes K, Furst CJ, Radbruch L, Kaasa S (2006) Pain assessment tools: Is the content appropriate for use in palliative care? Journal of pain and symptom management, 32 (6): 567-580. Roenn JHV, Cleeland CS, Gonin R, Hatfield AK, Pandya KJ (1993) Physician attitudes and practice in cancer pain management. A survey from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Annals of Internal Medicine, 119(2): 121-126. Tan G, Jensen MP, Thornby JI, Shanti BF (2004) Validation of the brief pain inventory for chronic non-malignant pain. The Journal of Pain. 5(2): 133-137. Turk DC, Rudy TE, Sorkin BA (1993) Neglected topics in chronic pain treatment outcome studies: determination of success. Pain (53):3–16. WebMD (2014)  http://www.webmd.com/breast-cancer/guide/overview-breast-cancer. World cancer research fund international (WCRFI): 2014;  http://www.wcrf.org/cancer_statistics/data_specific_cancers/breast_cancer_statistics.php. Youmiya K (2011) Cancer pain assessment. The Japanese Journal of Anesthesiology. 60(9): 1046-1052. [A1]I would consider using a more reputable source for describing medical symptoms themselves (Grey’s Anatomy, WHO guidelines etc) [A2]and treated? [A3]Is it worth commenting that breast cancer reporting rates in SA might be different from actual prevalence? Lack of awareness regarding certain cancers often results in late diagnosis or misdiagnosis. [A4]This sentence is unclear. I am assuming that you are stating that all dimensions are present in two particular tools? [A5]I’ve deleted this as you have highlighted the same domains in the previous paragraph and the reader will already be familiar with this term. [A6]Sentence shows up on copyscape / turnitin but it’s fine as a directly referenced quote. [A7]Is this sentence stating that the BPIs valid internationally because it has been adjusted culturally / linguistically for all groups? [A8]Are you making a suggestion that it could be assessed, or stating that sometimes people do assess localised pain in the body? [A9]Deleted as the next sentence deals with this already. [A10]Again shows up in turnitin: any quotes must be in inverted commas so that tutors / markers will not downgrade or suspect plagiarism.

Success and Failure in Arthur Millers Death of A Salesman Essay

Success and Failure in Arthur Miller's Death of A Salesman      Ã‚  Ã‚   Most people strive for excellence in their lives and aspire to succeed at whatever they complete. Success means many different things to different people. It includes happiness, money, and a career. In Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman, we follow Willy Loman, the protagonist, as he reviews a life of desperate pursuit of a dream of success. Miller uses many characters to contrast the difference between success and failure within the play. Willy is a salesman whose imagination is much greater than his sales ability; he is also a failure as a father and husband. Biff and Happy are his two adult sons, who follow in their father's fallacy of life, while Ben and his father are the only members of the Loman family with that special something needed to succeed. Charlie and his son Bernard, enjoy better success in life compared to the Loman's who attempt to succeed but constantly seem to fail. Willy Loman is the main character and protagonist in Death of A Salesman. For Willy Loman, perseverance and diligence are not important but rather material success, as well as personal attractiveness. Willy cannot see who he and his sons are. He believes they are great men who have what it takes to be successful and beat the business world. Unfortunately, he is mistaken. In reality, Willy and sons are not, and cannot, be successful. Willy was not successful at anything he did in life. He was a failure as a father, husband and businessman. Willy was not a good father because he focused too much on his career and his false dreams and ignored his family. Since he was always away on business trips he never really got to know his sons well. His love for his ... ..., wrong." (Miller 138) The Loman's are all an example of what life is like if you continually live in a dream world and never train yourself for anything. Ben and his father are the exceptions in the Loman family. Charlie and his son Bernard were also able to achieve greatness and to make the system work for them. In the end, the decision to make a successful life is, up to the individual.    Works Cited and Consulted Eisinger, Chester E. "Focus on Arthur Miller's 'Death of a Salesman': The Wrong Dreams," in American Dreams, American Nightmares, (1970 rpt In clc. Detroit: Gale Research. 1976 vol. 6:331 Hoeveler, D. J.   "Success and Failure" Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman: Modern Critical Interpretations.   Ed. Harold Blum.   Philadelphia: Chelsea House, 1988. 72-81. Miller, Arthur. Death of a Salesman. New York: Penguin Books, 1976.

Basic Life Support Essay

Basic Life Support or BLS is that level of medical care for those in a life-threatening situation until the arrival of proper medical care. BLS can be provided either by emergency medical personnel, trained medical professionals or by laymen trained in BLS. The techniques in BLS are mainly focused on airway maintenance, breathing and circulation. Use of automated external fibrillator or AED for defibrillation is a recent advance in BLS and has resulted in improved cardiac survival in cardiac arrest cases. This new intervention is important because majority of the deaths in cardiac arrest cases are due to ventricular fibrillation which can be reverted using a defibrillator in the electrical phase of ventricular fibrillation. Thus, basic life support consists of chest compressions and ventilations and also early defibrillation. Advanced Life Support or ALS is that form of medical care prior to reaching hospital and which can be delivered only by trained medical personnel or paramedics. This form of medical care involves many invasive and non-invasive procedures like transcutaneous pacing, intravenous cannulation, cardiac monitoring cardiac defibrillation, intraosseous infusion, needle or surgical cricothyrotomy, , advanced medications through enteral and parenteral routes and endotracheal intubation. Whether BLS or ALS is critical in improving outcomes in cardiac patients is a much debated topic. According to a multicentric controlled study conducted by Stiell et al (2004) on the benefits of advanced life support in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients, advanced life support interventions did not have any added advantage over basic life support. The study revealed that when compared to BLS with rapid defibrillation programs, ALS programs did not have any added benefits. The authors recommended that cardiopulmonary resuscitation by bystanders and rapid-defibrillation responses must be encouraged and should be a priority for EMS resources. The study concluded that though advanced life support increased the rate of admission to hospital significantly; the rate of survival did not improve, placing more importance on basic life support. In a recent study by Markel et al (2009), the authors aimed to study the outcomes in cardiac arrest patients after they were delivered with basic life support and advanced life support. Their study revealed that BLS-to-ALS survival was an important predictor of survival to hospital discharge. Every minute of decrease in the arrival of ALS following delivery of BLS was associated with 4% decrease in survival chances. The authors concluded that shorter BLS-to-ALS time is associated with increased survival chances and hence ALS interventions must be utilized for additional benefits. However, the researchers pressed the need for early CPR and defibrillation which is BLS. Different reports were produced by an old study by Bissell et al (1998). This study reviewed extensive literature pertaining to delivery of ALS and BLS to cardiac arrest patients. Of the 51 articles reviewed, eight articles reported that ALS was in no way better than BLS; seven reported that ALS was effective in some application and the remaining articles concluded that ALS was superior to BLS. The researchers concluded that ALS may be clinically superior to BLS in some patients with certain pathologies. Despite different clinical opinions, it can be said that BLS plays a critical role in the survival chances of a cardiac arrest patient. There are 2 reasons for such an impression. 1. Any bystander can provide BLS if he or she has received some amount of training in BLS. 2. Most of the cardiac arrest cases are due to ventricular fibrillation and defibrillation is â€Å"the treatment† for that condition Current studies being conducted into new methods, drugs and/or equipment being studied to improve cardiac survival. Over the past few decades, many new methods, drugs and interventions have been introduced to provide optimum support for patients with cardiac arrest so that the chances of survival are enhanced. Every year, newer approaches are coming up to provide the best possible care for cardiac patients. This article explores the recent trends in cardiopulmonary resuscitation of cardiac patients in a prehospital setting. Latest international guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation have stressed the need uninterrupted cardiopulmonary resuscitation or CPR so that there is continuous delivery of adequate coronary artery perfusion pressure which is one of the key determinants for return of spontaneous circulation. To facilitate uninterrupted CPR, a new concept of â€Å"hands on† defibrillation has been developed. Research has shown that when CPR is continued with gloved hands during defibrillation, there is absent or minimal shock to the resuscitator (Roppolo et al, 2009). According to the American Heart Association (2005), in children, the chest compressions must be provided at the rate of 100 per minute without any interruption for respiration. According to a study by Bobrow et al (2008), implementation of minimally interrupted cardiac resuscitation increases the survival-to-hospital discharge in those who suffered cardiac arrest out of the hospital. A recent research proved that ‘noise reduction’ automated external defibrillator and cardiac monitoring analysis can allow certain advanced devices to distinguish a CPR infarct from V-fib (Roppolo et al, 2009). Another new approach aimed at cardiac survival is the cardiocerebral resuscitation or CCR. This method is mainly composed of 3 aspects: continuous chest compression by bystander, new EMS algorithm and vigorous post-resuscitation care. There is no mouth-to-mouth breathing in this approach. The approach also favours defibrillation, either in the early or late stages (Ewy and Kern, 2009). Recently an automated, load-distributing band chest compression device has been introduced for cardiac resuscitation in a prehospital setting. Ong et al (2006) compared the outcomes of resuscitation between manual and automated cardiac resuscitation. Their study concluded that automated cardiac resuscitation use by EMS is associated with better outcomes. The previous decade has seen much research in the combined use of active compression decompression CPR and impedance threshold device. Frascone et al (2004) reviewed literature pertaining to this emerging therapy. The authors concluded that use of this new technology should be encouraged as this combination therapy provided optimum vital organ blood flow. References American Heart Association. (2005). 2005 American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and emergency cardiovascular care (ECC) of pediatric and neonatal patients: pediatric basic life support. Pediatrics, 117(5), e989-1004. Bobrow, B. J. , Clark, L. L. , and Ewy, G. A. (2008). Minimally interrupted cardiac resuscitation by emergency medical services for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. JAMA, 299(10), 1158-65. Bissell, R. A. , Eslinger, D. G. , and Zimmerman, L. (1998). The Efficacy of Advanced Life Support: A Review of the Literature. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 13(1), 69- 79. Ewy, G. A. , and Kern, K. B. (2009). Recent advances in cardiopulmonary resuscitation: cardiocerebral resuscitation. J Am Coll Cardiol. , 53(2), 149-57. Frascone RJ, Bitz D, Lurie K. (2004). Combination of active compression decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the inspiratory impedance threshold device: state of the art. Curr Opin Crit Care, 10(3), 193-201. Markel, D. T. , Gold, L. S. , Farenbuch, C. E. , and Eisenberg, M. S. (2009). Prompt Advanced Life Support Improves Survival from Ventricular Fibrillation. Prehospital Emergency care, 13(3), 329- 334. Ong, M. E. , Ornato, J. P. , Edwards, D. P. (2006). Use of an automated, load-distributing band chest compression device for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation. JAMA, 295(22), 2629-37. Roppolo, L. P. , Wigginton, J. G. , and Pepe, P. E. (2009). Minerva Anesthesiol, 75301-5. Stiell, I. G. , Wells, G. A. , and Field, B. (2004). Advanced Cardiac Life Support in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. The New England Journal of Medicine, 351, 647- 656. Appendix Please download articles from these links provided: http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/16651298? ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2. PEntrez. Pubmed. Pubmed_ResultsPanel. Pubmed_DiscoveryPanel. Pubmed_Discovery_RA&linkpos=5&log$=relatedarticles&logdbfrom=pubmed

Online food ordering system Essay

Abstract: Online food ordering services are websites that feature interactive menus allowing customers to place orders with local restaurants and food cooperatives. Much like ordering consumer goods online, many of these allow customers to keep accounts with them in order to make frequent ordering convenient. A customer will search for a favorite restaurant, choose from available items, and choose delivery or pick-up. Payment can be amongst others by credit card or cash. Description Of webpage 1. About us: This page provides the user the details of the restaurant name , contact details and location of all the restaurants. User login section for registration and can have account details. 2. Cart detail screen: User can add the products to the cart and report the number of products and cost of the each food item will be displayed. 3. Order Screen: Has the details of the food order done by the user. 4. Payment screen: When users pay amount through online using any of the payment type. PROJECT DETAILS: Title: Online Food Ordering Domain: Web Technology Front-end: PHP Script Back-end: MySQL Database Category: PHP/MySQL projects Advantagesof Online food ordering system: 1. Users can order the food without visiting the hotels or restaurants. 2. Users from any location can order the food by looking at the food items and pay in advance or at the time of delivery. 3. Save users time. Conclusion: The online food ordering system will be helpful for the hotels and  restaurants to increase the scope of the business by helping users to give order through online.